Stan Shebs wrote:
Jimmy Wales wrote:
It is certainly true that we have had virtually
no disputes about
American/British spelling. I'm not sure that this precedent is
assurance of the same thing happening with the Bird/bird issue,
though.
I suspect that everybody who's thought it through for a couple
minutes realizes that that there's no possible authority to
which one can appeal on the issue of American/British spelling.
Envy the French! :-)
Thus we accomodate both.
For biology the naming situation seems to be in
ferment, and in
some cases there are now authorities who've stepped forward and
staked a position. (Sort of like the British Museum issuing
new guidelines directing the use of American English in all of
its work - there would be rioting in London I'm sure. :-) )
Imposing English official names for species, would lead to riots in
other capitals. These other languages have their own common names, and
their own capitalization rules. Imposing American English on the
British Museum sounds easier.
I think there are several changes converging to make
this into
an issue:
1. Latin is really becoming a dead language - the Linnaean names
mean something if you learned Latin in school, but are just noises
if you didn't. Studies have shown that nonsense words are extremely
difficult to memorize, and scientists don't care for the extra work
any more than anybody else does.
The Linnaean names are not nonsense words. Even if the principle of
English official names could be accepted it would give rise to an
enormous number of bureaucratic committees to study and establish the
"correct" names for every imaginable life form. That's not exactly a
situation to please those who don't care for extra work.
2. English dominates scientific discourse more and
more every year.
This sounds like an argument in favour of the Tyranny of the Majority.
(See de Tocqueville)
3. Taxonomic churning, as Tannin alluded to, means
that the primary
purposes of Linnaean names - clarity and unambiguity - have been
trashed. Taxonomists are doing this all very earnestly, I wonder
if they're aware of the distrust they're generating. I can see a
future, for instance, where for animals Linnaean names have fallen
out of use entirely, in favor of English common names.
I have not reviewed the facts about ''Cynocephalus'' but I have no
reason to doubt them. I suspect that this sort of thing will continue
to happen in whatever language may be chosen. Using English names as
an official standard is not likely to save us. I tend to lay the modern
blame on the cladists who have revised taxonomy into a series of
counter-intuitive groupings based on DNA evolutionary research. The
average birder does not have the means at his disposal to sort them out
that way.. As an example of equal confusion in English names take the
genus ''Anas''; it includes ducks, teals, the gadwall, widigeons, the
mallard, pintails, the garganey, and shovellers. On top of that there
are 17 other genera in the Anseriformes that include ducks. Are we any
better off with the English?
Linnaean names have long-accepted typographic
conventions
(capitalize genera, use italics, etc), but the formalized use of
common names is pretty new, and so far the only proposed convention
seems to be to capitalize. It's not yet authoritative enough for
Wikipedia to set in stone (except for birds), but if the trends
continue, capitalization of common names may come to be an
accepted standard that we enforce as strongly as we do now for
formatting of Linnaean names.
We also need to take into account the contrary trend among grammar
stylists to downstyle capitalization. In the course of developing my
position in the present debate I encountered at least one book that
considers completely downstyled titles as perfectly correct with only
the first letter in the title being capitalized; another recognizes it
as perfectly correct to use lower case for pronouns that refer to the
deity. A new edition of the ''Chicago manual of style" is due to come
out in August; I'm anxious to see what it has to say about its own name.
Eclecticology